Florida’s iconic bonefish, known as “grey ghosts” for their speed and stealth, are experiencing a significant decline, with populations falling over 50% in the past four decades. A study led by Dr. Jennifer Rehage at Florida International University reveals a potential link between the decline and pharmaceutical contamination. Of the bonefish sampled, all tested positive for at least one pharmaceutical, including heart medications, opioids, antifungals, and antidepressants. In 56% of the fish, pharmaceutical levels exceeded those expected to cause negative effects.
The study also examined 125 animals that bonefish prey on, finding an average of 11 pharmaceutical contaminants in each. While the direct link between pharmaceuticals and bonefish decline is not established, the widespread contamination raises concerns about the broader impact on marine life. Wastewater, containing pharmaceuticals from human and livestock sources, is a major contributor to marine contamination.
The study underscores the need for improved wastewater management globally and suggests ozonation as an additional step to remove pharmaceuticals. Experts emphasize the responsibility of the pharmaceutical industry to explore greener alternatives. Despite some regulatory initiatives, such as the EU’s plan to address pharmaceutical pollution, more comprehensive regulations are needed to protect marine environments from the harmful effects of pharmaceutical contamination.