Scientists from Kerala have successfully decoded the mitochondrial genome of Lepidopygopsis typus, a unique freshwater fish found exclusively within Kerala’s Periyar Tiger Reserve in the Western Ghats. Known locally as ‘Brahmanakenda,’ this species holds the distinction of being monotypic, signifying its singular presence in its genus and highlighting its evolutionary significance.
Mitogenome sequencing, a first for this species, aims to unravel the evolutionary journey of Lepidopygopsis typus and its distinctiveness from related species. The research, co-authored by experts from the Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (Kufos), Kochi, and Christian College, Chengannur, sheds light on the genetic structure and molecular evolutionary traits that enable the fish to thrive in the cold, mountain streams of the Western Ghats.
Despite its uniqueness, Lepidopygopsis typus faces endangerment, earning a spot on the IUCN Red List. The primary threats stem from its limited distribution and the presence of alien invasive species like common carp, tilapia, and African catfish.
The detailed findings, published in the scientific journal Genes, underscore the urgency of a conservation action plan for this species. The study’s lead researcher, Rajeev Raghavan, emphasizes that Lepidopygopsis typus represents an EDGE species—evolutionarily distinct and globally endangered. Understanding its mitochondrial genome and unique characteristics paves the way for tailored conservation strategies crucial for securing the future of this relic species and unravelling the evolutionary mysteries of the Western Ghats.